Gram staining
The Gram staining comes from Hans Christian Gram in 1884. This colouration is used to highlight the bacterial wall and its properties, and to use these properties to analyse and classify these bacteria.
Therefore, the scientists can distinguish bacteria with Gram positive or negative staining. The ones with Gram+ have a simple wall and a great quantity of peptidoglycans, while the Gram - bacteria have a lower quantity of peptidoglycans but a supplementary membrane.
from Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloration_de_Gram
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